The quality and applicability of smartphone assisted and handheld fundus photography, compared to standard fundus photography.

Fundus photography is an important tool to detect ocular pathology in a
screening setting. With fundus photography, one can visualize the optic disc,
the macula, the posterior pole and the retina with its vascularization. Fundus
photography is also valuable in the follow up of ocular diseases like glaucoma
and diabetic retinopathy.

Most fundus cameras are heavy and not very portable. In addition, the
instruments are often fairly expensive. A smaller, more portable and cheaper
device with a good image quality would be more practical for routine use or
tele-imaging. It would also be good for screening in rural areas. A combination
of a smaller size, low costs and good quality would be ideal.

We want to assess the quality and applicability of smartphone assisted and
handheld fundus photography, compared to standard fundus photograph. Image
quality is a very important factor for the diagnostic capability of fundus
photography. With new available portable fundus photography approaches to make
fundus photography better accessible, the question rises what the quality is of
the images compared to standard fundus photography. Another aspect is the
ability of these devices to detect retinal pathology. Therefore we propose to
compare the photographs taken with portable fundus photography with standard
fundus photography, to assess both the quality of the images taken with these
devices and the value for the clinical practice. Photography will be done under
non-mydriatic and mydriatic conditions.

Assess the quality and applicability of smartphone assisted and handheld fundus
photography, compared to standard fundus photography. Photographs will be taken
in non-mydratic and mydriatic conditions.

Single center cross-sectional study involving healthy persons, glaucoma
patients and diabetic retinopathy patients.
After signing informed consent, the participants will undergo fundus
photography with the different fundus photography devices. Age, gender, ocular
disease, refraction and intra ocular pressure will be recorded.

Participants of this study will not be exposed to invasive methods. The study
will require time of the patients. Furthermore mydriatic drops will be
instilled that can temporarily cause a slight decrease in vision. In rare cases
an allergic reaction can occur, which can temporarily cause redness of the eye.