Study 1 is aimed to describe normative trajectories of parenting efficacy from pregnancy to early parenthood. Study 2 is focused on the question whether mental representations of attachment are protective in the context of parenting stress and its…
ID
Source
Brief title
Condition
- Other condition
- Anxiety disorders and symptoms
Synonym
Health condition
congenitale aandoeningen, niet nader gespecificeerd
Research involving
Sponsors and support
Intervention
Outcome measures
Primary outcome
The most important dependent variable of study 1, 2 and 3 is parental
self-efficacy. Study 2 and 3 are aimed to test mental representations of
attachment as predictor of parental self-efficacy trajectories. The primary
dependent variables of project C are parental self-efficacy, sensitivity and
the quality of the attachment relationship with the child. The aim is to
investigate whether unresolved trauma, anxiety and depression, are predictors
for parental self-efficacy trajectories and the mother-child attachment
relationship.
The main outcome of Study 6 is methylation status. Follow up 2 years: study 1-
the relation between parental characteristics (level and course of
self-efficacy, selfcontrol and motivation) and experienced social and
professional support is studied. Study 2 - tested is whether the relationship
between parental characteristics (self-efficacy, selfcontrol and motivation)
and changes in parental behavior is moderated by the use and perception of
social and professional support. project C - tested is whether use of
professional support is related to improvements in living conditions, parenting
characteristics (self-efficacy, selfcontrol and motivation) and parenting
behavior of at-risk mothers.
Follow-up 4 years- part A: Study 1 - The primary objective of study 1 is to
test whether self-regulation of both fathers and mothers is a predictor for the
development of self-regulation of the child. Study 2 - The effect of parenting
factors such as scaffolding and autonomy support on self-regulation of the
child will be investigated. Project C: The relationship between parenting risk
factors such as anxiety and depression and stress regulation on child outcomes
in self-regulation will be investigated. Furthermore, In studies 1, 2 and C the
effect of specific genetic polymorphisms in interaction with parenting factors
on self-regulation of the child will be investigated. Follow-up 4 years- part
B: Study 1 * The effects of parenting behaviours, such as autonomy support, on
the social-emotional (social competence) and cognitive development
(self-control/executive functioning) will be investigated. Additionally, we
will examine whether factors such as parental self-efficacy in the school
context, teacher self-efficacy, and the quality of the parent-teacher
relationship predict these parenting behaviours. Follow-up 7 years: Study 1:
The effects of self-reported parental characteristics on developmental outcomes
(socio-emotional, cognitive, physical and motor development) will be
investigated. Additionally, we will study the role of parental characteristics
in the relationship between risk factors and developmental outcomes of the
child. Study 2 and project C: The effects of observed parental characteristics
on developmental outcomes (socio-emotional, cognitive, physical and motor
development) will be investigated. Additionally, we will study the role of
parental characteristics in the relationship between risk factors and
developmental outcomes of the child. The stability in quality of parental
support will be assessed between 12 months
and seven years of age.
Secondary outcome
Secundary dependent variables are physiological reactivity (study 2) and
quality of the attachment relationship with the child (study 2 and 3), which
were examined in relation tot parenting self-efficacy and attachment
representations. In project C a secundary parameter is self-regulation of the
child, which is studied in relationship to physiological reactivity of the
mother and parental self-efficacy. An other secundary parameter is
self-regulation of the child, which is studied in relationship to physiological
reactivity of the mother and parental self-efficacy. In study 6, epigenetic
changes will be explored in relation to attachment representation, parental
sensitivity, parental self-efficacy and parental stress. Follow-up 2 years:
study 1 - child outcomes (selfcontrol and behavior) are studied in relation to
parental characteristics. Study 2 - a secondary paramater is child outcomes
(selfcontrol and behavior). project C - a secondary paramater is the quality of
the attachment relationship with the child. Follow-up 4 years: Secundary
parameters are physiological reactivity (stress regulation) of the parent and
child in relation to sensitivity and scaffolding of the parent in study 2 and
project C. Follow-up 7 years: A secundary parameter is the child's perceived
competence in the cognitive, social and motor domain.
Background summary
This study will examine parental self-efficacy in relation to caregiving
stress. The question is whether this stress can be influenced, for example by
experiences and information which may strengthen or weaken parental
self-efficacy. Future parents who have been informed about a congenital
abnormality diagnosis of their baby are faced par excellence with caregiving
related stress, even during pregnancy. The question is which caregiver
characteristics may moderate the impact of this stress factor. This study is
focused on caregivers' mental respresentations of attachment, based on the link
between this representations and successful parenting on the one hand and more
effective regulation of stress on the other hand. Furthermore, the effects of
anxiety and depression on parental self-efficacy, sensitivity and attachment
relations are studied. It will be investigated whether variations in attachment
representations moderate the effects of anxiety and depression.
Study objective
Study 1 is aimed to describe normative trajectories of parenting efficacy from
pregnancy to early parenthood. Study 2 is focused on the question whether
mental representations of attachment are protective in the context of parenting
stress and its influence on parental self-efficacy. This will be examined in a
simulated parenting task. It is also examined whether robustness of
self-efficacy as well as optimal regulation of stress during the parenting task
are predictive of the stability of self-efficacy during pregnancy and early
childhood on the one hand and the quality of the parent-child relationship on
the other hand. Study 3 is aimed to test a short cognitive-behavioural therapy
designed for parents dealing with a prenatal diagnosis of a congenital
abnormality. Furthermore the protective influence of mental representations of
attachment on dealing with a prenatal diagnosis will be tested.
The most important objective of project C is to examine the protective
influence of mental representations of attachment and social support on the
intergenerational transmission of risk in mothers with an unresolved trauma.
Another objective is to investigate whether stress-reactivity and self-efficacy
expectations explain the relationship between unresolved trauma on the one hand
and self-regulation and the mother-child attachment relationship on the other
hand. The third objective is to test in how far parental self-efficacy mediates
the association between anxiety and depression of the mother on one hand and
her sensitivity to het child and the quality of the attachment relation between
mother and child on the other hand. In addition the role of attachment
representations of the mother is investigated. Study 6 focuses on epigenetic
comparisons between two groups of of first-time mothers, mothers exposed to
traumatic caregiving and mothers without these experiences. Examining epigenome
in these two groups will help to identify epigenetic changes (and genes) which
are specific for high-risk women. Follow-up 2 years: the follow-up is aimed at
gaining insight in parental characteristics, parenting behavior and
characteristics of the child that play a role in problems concerning upbringing
and the effects of social support and professional help. Follow-up 4 years-
part A: The follow up examines the role of parenting characteristics and
genotype on the self-regulatory capacity of the child. Focusing on
self-regulation will help identify the factors that benefit children in the
transition to school. Follow-up 4 jaar- part B: The follow-up examines the
effects of parenting behaviours, such as autonomy support, on the
social-emotional and cognitive development of the child. This follow-up will
also help to identify factors that are predictive of these parenting
behaviours. Follow-up 7 years: The follow-up seven years is aimed at studying
the relationship between parental characteristics and parenting behaviour and
developmental outcomes in the socio-emotional, cognitive and physical and motor
domain. Furthermore, the role of parental characteristics and parenting
behaviour in the relationship between risk factors and developmental outcomes
will be examined. The stability in parental support between 12 months and seven
years of age will be assessed.
Study design
Prospective observational cohort studies
Intervention
Study 3 is aimed to test an intervention:
Control group: standard psychosocial care
Therapy group: short-term psychotherapeutic program.
Study burden and risks
On five time-points (three during pregnancy and two after pregnancy), all women
are questioned about their functioning. Additional measurements are made in the
subsamples (study 2, 3,project C), which included an interview (T2: study 2, 3,
project C), a parenting task (T2; study 2, project C), an observation of
children's self-regulation and parent-child interaction (T4, project C) an
observation of the child's temperament and the mothers sensitivity (T5: study
2), observation of the parent-child relation (T4: project C; T6: study 2, 3,
project C), an interview on perinatal health and care by telephone (at T4 and
T6) (and a diagnostic interview (CIDI) by telephone (T6: study 4 and 5). Study
6: Saliva form mother and child is taken during a home-visit in order to
perform a 'genomewide methylation scan'. Follow-up 2 years: study 1 fills in
questionnaires, study 2 and project C fill in questionnaires and a home visit
is carried out. Follow-up 4 years- part A and B: Study 1: Questionnaires will
be filled in by mothers, fathers and teachers. 2 ml of saliva for genotyping
will be collected from mothers, fathers, the child and any potential siblings
with saliva collection kits sent to the home. Study 2 and project C: In
addition to questionnaires and saliva samples, children will conduct a series
of executive control tasks and a parent-child observation task in the
university lab. Follow-up 7 years: study 1 fills in questionnaires, study 2 and
project C fill in questionnaires and a visit to the sports facility of the VU
in Amstelveen is carried out.
Van der Boechorststraat 1
Amsterdam 1081 BT
NL
Van der Boechorststraat 1
Amsterdam 1081 BT
NL
Listed location countries
Age
Inclusion criteria
Inclusion criteria for samples I, II, and for sample C : First pregnancy or previous pregnancy which ended in a miscarriage before 10 weeks. Supplementary inclusion criteria sample II: Pregnancy in week 20-22 . Supplementary inclusion criteria sample III: pregnant women considered to be at higher risk of having a baby with a congenital abnormality, based on advanced ultrasonography between 14-32 weeks of gestation.
Supplementary inclusion criteria for sample C a. Pregnant women who have been in contact with mental health services or child protection agencies before the age of 18, who are currently in contact with mental health care or who had one or more traumatic experience before the age of 18. b.Positive screening for depression (BDI >13) and / or positive screening for anxiety disorder (STAI > 40) on at least one timepoint during pregnancy. c. Negative screening for depression (BDI<13) and anxiety disorder (STAI<40) at all time points during pregnancy. This sample (controle groep) is taken from the larger cohort of study II.
Supplementary inclusion criteria sample for Study VI: a. Participants from Sample C: childhood trauma, ACE score > 4. b.Participants from sample 2: Absence of childhood trauma, indicated by responses to the Adult Attachment Interview (question 9), negative screening depression and anxiety on all measurements (BDI <13 and STAI <40), and age mother between 18 and 35. Supplementary inclusion criteria Follow-up study (2 years postpartum): participation in study 1, 2 or project C. Supplementary inclusion criteria Follow-up study (4 years postpartum)- part A and B: participation in study 1, 2 or project C. Study 6: participation in Study 2 or C. Follow-up study (7 years postpartum): participation in study 1, 2 or project C.
Exclusion criteria
Exclusion criteria for sample I, II, III and sample C: Insufficient mastery of Dutch language. Supplementary exclusion criteria for sample II, and sample C: a. prenatal diagnosis of a congenital abnormality b. Abortion or interruption of pregnancy before 24 weeks pregnancy. Supplementary exclusion criteria for Sample III: a. Pregnant women considered to be at higher risk of having a baby with a congenital abnormality, based on invasive diagnostics early in pregnancy (10-12 weeks). b. Isolated growth delay of the fetus. c. Pregnant women with possible congenital abnormality, based on ultra-sound scans at a centre of primary care, but not confirmed at the VUmc or other specialized centres. d. Previous pregnancy of a child with a congenital abnormality. e. Insufficient mastery of Dutch or English language. Supplementary exclusion criteria for sample VI: participants from sample C: child with a congenital abnormality. Participants from sample 2:one or more childhood trauma's (AAI), positive screening anxiety and depression (STAI > 40 en/ of BDI >13) and child with a congenital abnormality.
Design
Recruitment
Followed up by the following (possibly more current) registration
No registrations found.
Other (possibly less up-to-date) registrations in this register
No registrations found.
In other registers
| Register | ID |
|---|---|
| CCMO | NL24319.029.08 |