Augmentation of (imaginal) exposure therapy with D-cycloserine for patients with Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD); A Randomized Placebo controlled Study.

1. Age between 18 and 65 and;

2. current DSM-IV diagnosis of PTSD established with a structured diagnostic interview (M.I.N.I. and CAPS).

1. Psychosis or delusion disorders (current or in the past);

2. suicidality;

3. mental retardation;

4. substance abuse or dependence or alcohol abuse of dependence, as established by a structured diagnostic interview (M.I.N.I.);

5. pregnant or lactating women. Also women who are planning a pregnancy and don’t want to postpone a pregnancy during the treatment phase are excluded;

6. patients who have a serious and unstable medical illness, as confirmed by their doctor, such as use of a pacemaker, renal disease or porfyrie;

7. a history of epileptic seizures;

8. medication use that may interfere with D-cycloserine, such as anticoagulants;

9. patients who use antidepressants, and are not willing to stop;

10. Patients who use benzodiazepines are included only when they completely stop taking benzodiazepines before the start of the treatment;

11. insufficient ability to speak and write Dutch.