Gepigmenteerde aardappel studie

Rationale: Potatoes (Solanum tuberosum) are the largest non-cereal crop and the fourth most produced staple food crop in the world. In addition to a high content of carbohydrates, proteins and dietary fibre, potatoes are also rich in miconutrients like vitamin C, vitamin B, folate and minerals, such as potassium, magnesium, and iron. Coloured potatoes contain secondary metabolites such as anthocyanins and carotenoids, which are important bioactives. Diets rich in such compounds have been associated with a lower incidence of atherosclerosis, certain cancers, macular degeneration and severity of cataracts. Pigmented potatoes could fit therefore in a healthy lifestyle. Pigmented potatoes contain higher levels of lutein and zeaxanthin (yellow/red color) or anthocyanins (purple color), however limited evidence is available on their bioavailability in humans. Therefore this study was set up as a randomized controlled cross-over study in fasted healthy research subjects on a restricted diet (low in anthocyanins). Research subjects will consume once high pigment potatoes, white potatoes, or water, in random order. Using this approach the absorption of anthocyanins will be explored.

Objective: The main objective is to explore the absorption of anthocyanins from high pigment potatoes in humans. In addition, we aim to identify various metabolites in urine, originating from the anthocyanins in the high pigment potatoes.

Study design: Randomized controlled cross-over study
Study population: Ten apparently healthy males, 18-65 years old recruited from the human volunteer database kept at the Division of Human Nutrition.

Intervention:
Test meals consisting of:
1. 500 gram high pigment potato mash with High Oleic Sunflower Oil (HOSO), containing in total 90 mg anthocyanins (mainly mainly petunidin-, delphinidin-, pelargonidin-, peonidin-, and malvidin glucosides) (based on analysis of the mash)
2. 500 gram white potato mash with HOSO (negative control)
3. Only water (blank)
Each research subject will receive each of these test meals in randomized order, with one week in between the different test meals.

Main study parameters/endpoints:
The main study endpoint is the absorption of anthocyanins. For anthocyanins, intact molecules and metabolites will be measured in blood plasma as well as metabolites excreted in urine. These study parameters will be monitored from t=0 to t=9 hrs after consumption of the test meal.

Primary Objective: To explore the absorption of anthocyanins and to determine the different metabolites in urine and blood plasma, originating from anthocyanins in high pigment potatoes in humans.

Research Questions:
• What is the absorption of anthocyanins from high pigment potato mash with HOSO compared to white potato mash with HOSO?
• What metabolites, originating from anthocyanins, can be identified in the urine after consumption of high pigment potato mash with HOSO?

The study parameters will be monitored from t=0 to t=9 hrs after consumption of the test meal.

In total three different testdays will take place for each participant

Test meals 1 and 2 both weigh 500 grams and contain the same amount of potato mash, salt and oil Anthocyanin content will vary per test meal. The levels will be confirmed through samples taken for analysis on each of the test days.
Test meal 1 will include the Violet queen variety which is anticipated to provide ~90 mg of anthocyanins (of which the most important are the mainly petunidin-, delphinidin-, pelargonidin-, peonidin-, and malvidin glucosides).
Test meal 2 (negative control) includes a white flesh potato variety (Ivory Russet), devoid of anthocyanins.
Test “meal” 3 will only include the consumption of water, for baseline profiling of anthocyanin metabolites.