The study objectives are to measure the impact of swimming in chlorinated water on the upper and lower airways of children with and without *doctors diagnosed asthma* by means of the following methods: 1.Tympanometry after otoscopy 2.Airway…
ID
Source
Brief title
Condition
- Middle ear disorders (excl congenital)
- Exposures, chemical injuries and poisoning
- Bronchial disorders (excl neoplasms)
Synonym
Research involving
Sponsors and support
Intervention
Outcome measures
Primary outcome
group A:
1.peak pressure (kPa) /compliance (ml/kPa)
2.airway resistance kPa/l.s
3.Association of occurrence of otitis with change peak pressure/compliance
before and after swimming
4.Association of occurrence of asthma with change in airway resistance before
and after swimming
Group B:
1.NO in expiration air (ppb)
2.FEV1 (l) MEF 50% (L/s)
3.Association of occurrence of asthma with change FENO before and after
swimming.
4.Association of occurrence of asthma with change FEV1 and MEF 50% before and
after swimming
Secondary outcome
group A:
1.Association between peak pressure and compliance with occurrence of
otitis
2.Change of airway resistance before and after swimming
Group B:
1.Change of FENO before and after swimming
2.Change of FEV1 and MEF 50% before and after swimming
Background summary
In the Western world in the previous decades a strong increase of asthma has
been observed. Given the velocity of this increase it can postulated that
genetic factors alone are insufficient to explain this phenomenon. It is
reasonable to search for environment factors, which can give an explanation for
this increase. Young children learn * considering our climate- swim in
chlorinated swimming pools . This belongs meanwhile to our 'life-style'. During
these instuctions the airways of these children are exposed to chlorinated
hydrogen molecules. Last years some studies showed an association between
lung damage and asthma as a result of inhaled chlorine connections during the
swimming pool visit. Concerning middle ear inflammation this association less
is clear. The hypothesis is that the developing airways of the young child are
themselves more sensitive for damage as a result of toxins i.e. chlorinated air
inhalation.
Study objective
The study objectives are to measure the impact of swimming in chlorinated water
on the upper and lower airways of children with and without *doctors diagnosed
asthma* by means of the following methods:
1.Tympanometry after otoscopy
2.Airway resistance measurements
3.Measurement of NO in the exhaled air
4.Expiratory flow-volume measurements
Study design
The parents of children who take part in the swimming instructions are informed
by letter of the studies. They are requested to complete the CHASE
questionnaire (modified Los Angeles Health screening survey) and send this to
the research worker. In association with the management of the swimming pool
institution the children are included for the study after informed consent is
obtained.
Study A:
Methods:
- Study design: descriptive open cohort study
- Otoscopy: evaluation of the tympanum on aspect of ear drum and
presence of fluid
- Tympanometrie: peak pressure/compliance measurement with
tympanometer of
Madson ®
- Airway resistance: by means of a non invasive interrupter
technique with
MicroRint ®
Measurements are performed before and after the swimming instruction .
Three months after the measurements the parents will be contacted by telephone.
Questions regarding the occurrence of ear inflammation in the previous research
period will be asked.
Study B:
Methods:
- Study design: descriptive open cohort study
- Measurement of the Fractional Exhaled Nitric Oxide (FENO) with
Nioxmino ®
- Measurement of expiratory volume flow curve with meter of PT Medical
® Measurements are performed
before and after the swimming instruction
.
After a period of three months the measurements are repeated and the (short)
questionnaire CHASE will be completed
Study burden and risks
The used measurements are non invasive and are common in our paediatric
practice.
There is no medical risk for the participating child.
Spaarnepoort 1
2134 TM Hoofddorp
Nederland
Spaarnepoort 1
2134 TM Hoofddorp
Nederland
Listed location countries
Age
Inclusion criteria
healthy children and children with 'docters diagnosed asthma' aged 5 up to 8 years included who participate in the swimming lessons in a chlorinated swimmingpool.
Exclusion criteria
study A: recent paracenthesis (< 0.5 jaar)
anatomical abnormalities of the upper airway
nasal decongestatory and or bronchodilatory medication
study B:unstable astma with beta2 medication <8 hrs before measurement.
Design
Recruitment
Followed up by the following (possibly more current) registration
No registrations found.
Other (possibly less up-to-date) registrations in this register
No registrations found.
In other registers
| Register | ID |
|---|---|
| CCMO | NL20876.029.08 |