The primary objective is to assess how training, acutely and chronically, influences gene expression patterns in different individuals.Gene expression values of samples taken around an exercise performance test will be used to assess the acute…
ID
Source
Brief title
Condition
- Other condition
Synonym
Health condition
vermogen tot herstel van lichte spierschade en adaptatie aan inspanning en training bij gezonde personen
Research involving
Sponsors and support
Intervention
Outcome measures
Primary outcome
RNA-profiles of blood cells, as indication of functional alterations in gene
expression in leukocytes.
Exercise performance parameters as described in the model by Joyner and Coyle
(2008) as determined measured during the maximal incremental exercise tests at
the start and end of the project: Performance VO2 - VO2max, VO2 at the
ventilatory threshold, performance O2 deficit, gross efficiency, peak power
output and average power output attained during a Wingate test.
Secondary outcome
The secundary objectives are:
1) To assess the correlation between changes in gene expression patterns and
changes in exercise performance in individuals to determine the effects of
training during and after a regular training period of approximately 12 weeks.
The secondary study parameters will be the same as the primary endpoints.
2) To assess the correlation between changes in gene expression patterns with
changes in several physiological performance-determining variables and changes
in metabolites. In the model described by Joyner and Coyle (7) four main
physiological parameters are considered to be important for exercise
performance: 1) VO2max, 2) VO2 at the lactate or ventilatory threshold, 3)
anaerobic capacity (performance O2 deficit), and 4) GE. Therefore, secondary
study parameters are related to these four physiological parameters.
3) To investigate the suitability of small blood samples obtained from finger
pricks for the generation of gene expression patterns.
The quality of RNA isolated from finger prick and venous blood samples will be
compared. When sufficient, RNA profiles will be generated from both sources.
These will be compared to determine if finger prick profiles can be used to
detect similar effect sizes and adequately monitor changes in gene expression.
4) To select and test a set of differentially expressed genes for the
development of a specific test to monitor training effects.
RNA-Seq is a sensitive technique, but time-consuming and still expensive. To
effectively monitor training effects, a specific test based on a subset of
genes which are differentially expressed under the study conditions would be
required. To develop a specific test a set of differentially expressed genes
selected in the pilot study will be validated by quantitative RT-PCR in the
main study.
Background summary
Athletes aim together with their coaches and trainers to achieve the best
performance. Optimal adjustment of training to the individual athlete increases
the chances of winning. For this, objective measurement of training effects is
of great importance. In general, genes react to internal or external stimuli by
becoming more active, less active or showing no response. These personal
changes in gene expression can be detected in RNA-profiles. Previous studies
suggest that RNA-profiles obtained from whole venous blood taken before and
after physical exercise differ between non-trained and trained individuals.
Presumably, changes in gene expression are correlated with adaptation to
training stimuli. This study aims to monitor the acute and chronic effects of
training using an exercise test combined with gene expression analysis. We
hypothesize that gene expression patterns obtained from white blood cells can
be used as objective measurements to assess the performance and health status
of individual athletes.
Study objective
The primary objective is to assess how training, acutely and chronically,
influences gene expression patterns in different individuals.
Gene expression values of samples taken around an exercise performance test
will be used to assess the acute effects of physical exercise. The chronic
effects of regular cycling training on performance will be determined using a
standardized exercise test and by gene expression levels determined at similar
time points relative to the exercise performance test.
The secondary objectives are: 1) to assess the correlation between changes in
gene expression patterns and exercise performance; 2) to assess the correlation
between changes in gene expression patterns with physiological
performance-determining variables and changes in metabolites; 3) to investigate
the suitability of small blood samples obtained from finger pricks for the
generation of gene expression patterns; 4) to select and test a set of
differentially expressed genes for the development of a specific test to
monitor training effects.
Study design
Prospective observational cohort study, in which the subjects will be subjected
to a 3-month training program. The study is divided in two parts, the pilot
study and the main study. In the pilot study, the feasibility of using small
blood samples obtained from finger pricks for the generation of gene expression
patterns will be investigated. When sufficient RNA of good quality can be
obtained from finger prick samples, the main study will validate if these can
replace venous blood samples. In both studies, the same intervention will be
performed during a three-month period. Standardized exercise tests (45 min
cycling at 60% maximal power output attained during a maximal incremental
exercise test (Wmax) and 15 min time trial) will be performed before the start
of the training period and at 1-month intervals over a period of 3 months.
Each participant has to perform a maximal-incremental test before and after the
3-month training period to determine the Wmax.
Study burden and risks
A 3-month training schedule is offered to the subjects participating in this
study. This can result in a performance improvement and improve their general
health status. In addition, measurements of the maximal voluntary oxygen
consumption (VO2max) and peak power output (PPO) can be of interest for this
group of trained cyclists. The risks for the subjects related to this study are
minor. VO2max is determined at the start and the end of the study using a
maximal incremental test, PPO is determined at the start and end of the study
using a Wingate test. An exercise performance test consisting of 45 min cycling
at 60% Wmax followed by a 15 min time trial has to be performed monthly during
the training period. These tests will be well-tolerated by trained cyclists.
There is a small risk of bruising due to the blood sampling procedures. Blood
for RNA-profiles will be collected around each exercise performance test (4
tests per person, during 3 months), which means that subjects have to be in the
lab for 2 h. Approximately ~24 h after the start of the performance test
additional blood samples will be taken. Furthermore, they have to complete a
24-h diet log before the first performance test, a training log, and report
illnesses/injuries during the whole study period.
Darwinweg 24
Leiden 2333 CR
NL
Darwinweg 24
Leiden 2333 CR
NL
Listed location countries
Age
Inclusion criteria
- Healthy males
-18-50 years old
- Recreationally trained track or road cyclists (VO2-max >= 45ml/kg/min), with at least two years of cycling experience of at least twice a week
- Meeting criteria of a valid maximal incremental exercise test
- Body mass index (BMI) 20-25 kg/m2
- Veins suitable for blood sampling at inspection
- Based on the outcome of the anamnesis form, participants should be rated as low risk participants
Exclusion criteria
Men with health problems and/or without sporting activity or above 50 years old
- Known diagnosis of immune disease such as diabetes, coeliac disease, rheumatoid arthritis
- Known diagnosis of gastro-intestinal disease such as Crohn*s disease, colitis ulcerosa, irritable bowel syndrome
-Smoking
-Use of hard drugs
-Use of specific medicines:
*chronic use of NSAIDs: aspirin, ibuprofen, corticosteroids
*chronic use of antidepressiva, antacids (Rennie), benzodiazepines (Valium
* drugs against abdominal pain and cramping (e.g.buscopan, imodium),
-Participation in other scientific studies within 1 month before the preliminary testing
Design
Recruitment
metc-ldd@lumc.nl
metc-ldd@lumc.nl
metc-ldd@lumc.nl
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In other registers
| Register | ID |
|---|---|
| CCMO | NL59983.058.17 |