The aim of this study is to evaluate two training protocols that both intend to train children with motor coordination problems, such as DCD and increase the level of motor skills, and fitness that falls within the normal range of participating in a…
ID
Source
Brief title
Condition
- Other condition
Synonym
Health condition
developmental coordination disorder
Research involving
Sponsors and support
Intervention
Outcome measures
Primary outcome
Primary outcome measures:
Motorskills and Fitness- Performanc and FITness test (PERF-FIT;
Smits-Engelsman, 2018),
Secondary outcome
Secundary outcomes measures:
4x10 m sprinttest, Aerobic capacity (SRT), handpower items of the Assessing the
Levels of PHysical Activity and Fitness-test (ALPHA-FIT; Ruiz et al., 2011)
Strength and agility - items van de Bruininks Oseretsky Test 2nd edition
(BOT-2; Bruininks & Bruininks, 2010)
Attentional ability tasks (Test of Everyday Attention for Children, (TEA-Ch_NL;
Manly et al., 2001) and Kinderversion der Testbatterie zur
Aufmerksamkeitsprufung (KiTAP; Zimmerman et al., 2005))Physical Activity
Background Questionnaire
Strenght and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ; Goodman, 1997; 2001)
Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL, 2001)
Motor Coördination Questionnaire Children*s Self-perceptions of Adequacy in and
Predilection for Physical Activity (CSAPPA) scale (Hay, 1992)
KIDSCREEN (KIDSCREEN group, 2004)
Quality of Life Questionnaire-Youth (EQ-5D-Y; Wille et al., 2010))
Motor Coordination (Change) Questionnaire (MCCQ)
Enjoyment scale
Fatigue scale
Background summary
Background of the study
Children with motor coordination problems (Developmental Coordination Disorder;
DCD) present daily problems in the execution of PE-, playground- and sport
activities. These problems are not only present in games that require motor
performance and/or motor skills, but also during strength and fitness games.
Health related fitness in children is an important indicator for the level of
fitness and participation in physical activities during adulthood (Haga, 2008).
Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD) is a common motor impairment that
presents itself in early childhood and affects around 6% of school-aged
children worldwide (APA, 2013). DCD is a neurodevelopmental disorder and
children acquire and execute motor skills substantially below the level that is
expected given their chronological age and opportunity for skill learning (APA,
2013). Children with DCD are more likely to fall in the low fitness range at a
much faster rate than Typically Developing (TD) children if no training or
intervention is applied (King-Dowling et al., 2018; Hiraga et al., 2014).
Besides, children with motor coordination difficulties not only have lowered
physical fitness but also lowered physical activity participation levels
(Cairney et al., 2015; Wright et al., 2019), resulting in a lack of meeting the
daily physical activity recommendations for children (De Meester et al., 2018).
Referenties
APA (American Psychiatric Association). 2013. Diagnostic and statistical manual
of mental disorders. 5th ed. Arlington: American Psychiatric Association.
Cairney, J., Hay, J., Veldhuizen, S. & Faught, B.E. 2015. Trajectories of
cardiorespiratory fitness in children with and without developmental
coordination disorder: A longitudinal analysis. British Journal of Sport
Medicine, 45:1196-1201.
De Meester, A., Stodden, D., Goodway, J., True, L., Brian, A., Ferkel, R. &
Haerens, L. 2018. Identifying a motor proficiency barrier for meeting physical
activity guidelines in children. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport,
21:58-62.
Denysschen, M., Coetzee, D. & Smits-Engelsman, B.C.M. 2021. Children with poor
motor skills have lower health-related fitness compared to typically developing
children. Children, 8 (867):1-14
De Meester, A., Stodden, D., Goodway, J., True, L., Brian, A., Ferkel, R. &
Haerens, L. 2018. Identifying a motor proficiency barrier for meeting physical
activity guidelines in children. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport,
21:58-62.
Haga, M. 2008. Physical fitness in children with movement difficulties.
Physiotherapy, 94:253-259.
Hands, B. & Larkin, D. 2006. Physical fitness differences in children with and
without motor learning difficulties. European Journal of Special Needs
Education, 21(4):447-456.Hay, J.A. 1992. Adequacy in and predilection for
physical activity in children. Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine, 2:192-201.
Hiraga, C.Y., Rocha, P.R.H., De Castro Ferracioli, P., Gama, D.T. & Pellegrini,
A.M. 2014. Physical fitness in children with probable developmental
coordination disorder and normal body mass index. Revista Brasileira de
Cineantropometria Desempenho Humano, 16(2):182-190.
Study objective
The aim of this study is to evaluate two training protocols that both intend to
train children with motor coordination problems, such as DCD and increase the
level of motor skills, and fitness that falls within the normal range of
participating in a healthy and physically active life style. The training
consists of a Neuromotor Task Training aimed to increase the physical fitness
level with two different frequencies of training. The duration of the High
FrequencyTraining (HFT) is relatively short (3x per week, 1,5 hour, 4 weeks,
total 18 hour) while a similar but Middle Frequent training (FIT) extends over
a longer period of time (twice a week, 1 hour, 9 weeks total 18 hour). The
purpose is to evaluate which effect will be reached on the level of strength,
fitness and motor performance. Secondly, we will compare the effect sizes of
both protocols to evaluate which one is most effective to increase strength,
fitness and motor performance. We will evaluate whether these children show
increased participation in PA in their daily life and whether this will be
retained after a period of no training.
Study design
The study has an assessor blinded comparator cross over design.
All children will be tested three times. The research project will be completed
in two phases. In the first phase and option 1 the children with DCD will be
their own controles: two pre-measurements with a period of 4 weeks activities
as usual in between. After the 2nd measurement the training of the Middle
Frequent Training (FIT) protocol will be offered with a post-measurement within
1 week after the last day of training. After 6-9 weeks a follow-up or retention
measurement will determine the consistency of the level of PA. In option 2 the
children with DCD will start with their intervention after the pre-measurement,
with an 'activities as usual' period after the post-measurement. In the second
phase (just before the holidays) the High Frequency Training (HFT) will be
offered to a group of children that consent to a training during their
holidays, while the other group has holidays. After the holidays both groups
will be tested and the 'holiday' group will have Pediatric Physical Therapy
sessions once a week during 45 minutes as usual care. Again, both groups will
be tested after 6 weeks to determine the level of retention of the HFT group.
The study will be conducted according to the declaration of Helsinki.
The master students of the pediatric physical therapy will test the children on
the motor skills, strength and fitness tests, the master students of the
department of clinical neuropsychology will test the children on the
attentional ability tests.
Intervention
The training consists of a Neuromotor Task Training (NTT; Ferguson, Jelsma,
Jelsma, & Smits-Engelsman, 2013) aimed to improve motor coordination and
physical fitness with two different frequencies of treatment. A High Frequency
Training (HFT) is a high frequent training over a short period (3x per week,
1,5 hour, 4 weeks, total 18 hour) and the Middle Frequent Training (FIT
version) over a longer period of time (2x per week, 1 hour, 9 weeks total 18
hour). In the training components of explosive power, agility, flexibility and
aerobic training are integrated in games. The games include skills needed in
daily life and in sports activities and will gradually increase in the level of
difficulty. The training will take place in a gym during the breaks at school
or after school hours supervised by a masterstudent of the pediatric physical
therapy or a pediatric physical therapiest in a ratio of 1 adult-3-4 children.
All children will get ideas and examples to continue to practice at home
through whatsapp/paper after the training. De intensity of the home activities
will be monitored through feedback of the parents/caretakers and/or step
trackers.
Study burden and risks
Estimation of effort/burden and risk:
We will monitor the effort and fatigue on the fatigue scale and the enjoyment
scale. There is no risk to participate, comparable to usual playground games or
PE lessons.
Grote Kruisstraat 2-1 2-1
Groningen 9712TS
NL
Grote Kruisstraat 2-1 2-1
Groningen 9712TS
NL
Listed location countries
Age
Inclusion criteria
Children are referred to the pediatric physical therapist for motor problems.
The four DSM-5 criteria were used to classify children with DCD1. All children
between 7-12 years who scored at or below the 16th percentile on the Movement
Assessment Battery for Children 2nd edition (Criterion A), who were identified
as having a motor coordination problem by the parent or teacher (Criterion B),
whose parents reported that the problems were noticed already at a young age
(Criterion C), no diagnosis of a significant medical condition or comorbidity
known to affect motor performance were mentioned in the parental questionnaire
(Criterion D); and whose teacher affirmed the absence of intellectual or
cognitive impairment (Criterion D) appeared to fulfill the criteria for DCD.
Exclusion criteria
Medical or neurological condition and IQ<70, to be determined according to
schoolrecords
Design
Recruitment
Followed up by the following (possibly more current) registration
No registrations found.
Other (possibly less up-to-date) registrations in this register
No registrations found.
In other registers
| Register | ID |
|---|---|
| CCMO | NL85205.042.24 |