Licorice consumption leads to an increase in blood pressure that is associated with alterations in the cortisol/cortisone balance.
ID
Bron
Verkorte titel
Aandoening
Hypertension, Licorice, Pseudohyperaldosteronism, Hypokalemia
Ondersteuning
Onderzoeksproduct en/of interventie
Uitkomstmaten
Primaire uitkomstmaten
Systolic daytime ambulatory blood pressure
Achtergrond van het onderzoek
Licorice contains glycyrrhizic acid, which is known to induce pseudohyperaldosteronism. Glycyrrhizic acid inhibits 11 beta hydroxylase activity and thereby reduces the selective conversion of cortisol to cortisone. Cortisol has a much higher affinity for the mineralocorticoid receptor compared to cortisone and causes activation of the
mineralocorticoid receptors, resulting in hypertension, increased sodium retention, excessive renal potassium loss, low renin and reduced aldosterone levels. There is no worldwide consensus of the legal upper use limit specified for the maximum amount of glycyrrhizic acid that may be present in foods and supplements. The European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) determine a maximum level of glycyrrhizic acid in confectionery of 1500 mg/kg. However, this amount is often exceeded by manufacturers. A maximal level of 100 mg/person/day glycyrrhizic acid ingestion in adults is considered to be safe for the majority of the population, but many individuals exceed the recommended amount. Licorice induced hypertension has been focus of a few studies, but the individual susceptibility to licorice exposure and variations in blood pressure and urinary excretion of cortisol/cortisone ratio has not been systematically assessed
Doel van het onderzoek
Licorice consumption leads to an increase in blood pressure that is associated with alterations in the cortisol/cortisone balance.
Onderzoeksopzet
Day 0: Visit 1: Screening
Day 14: Visit 2: Blood sampling, attaching ABPM, start urine collection, weight measurement
Day 15: Visit 3: Handing in ABPM and 24 hour urine collection
Day 22: Visit 4: Blood sampling, attaching ABPM, start urine collection, weight measurement
Day 23: Visit 5: Handing in ABPM and 24 hour urine collection
Onderzoeksproduct en/of interventie
Licorice with an amount of 300 mg glycyrrhizic acid a day for seven (7) days
Algemeen / deelnemers
Departments of Internal & Vascular Medicine; Academic Medical Center (AMC); University of Amsterdam; Meibergdreef 9, Room F4-109;
Amsterdam 1105 AZ
The Netherlands
+31 20 566 5956 / +31 20 566 9111/58070
b.j.vandenborn@amc.nl
Wetenschappers
Departments of Internal & Vascular Medicine; Academic Medical Center (AMC); University of Amsterdam; Meibergdreef 9, Room F4-109;
Amsterdam 1105 AZ
The Netherlands
+31 20 566 5956 / +31 20 566 9111/58070
b.j.vandenborn@amc.nl
Belangrijkste voorwaarden om deel te mogen nemen (Inclusiecriteria)
- Willing and able to participate in the study protocol
- Written informed consent
- Age 18-60 years
- BMI > 18 or < 35 g/m2
- Willing to adhere to the study protocol
- Accessible veins on arm(s) as determined by examination at information meetings
Belangrijkste redenen om niet deel te kunnen nemen (Exclusiecriteria)
- Allergy to one of the ingredients of licorice
- Office blood pressure >140/90 mmHg
- Reported alcohol consumption > 28 units/week or recreational drug use
- Existing cardiovascular diseases
- Use of medication which affects the primary or secondary outcome measurements
such as diuretics, antihypertensive drugs and NSAIDs for at least six weeks before
start of the study
- Currently on a medically prescribed diet, or slimming diet
- Potassium <3.5 mmol/l
- eGFR <60 mL/min/1.73 m2
- Excessive ingestion of licorice (>200 gr/week) or >3 litre of licorice tea per week
- Pregnancy
Opzet
Deelname
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In overige registers
| Register | ID |
|---|---|
| NTR-new | NL6991 |
| NTR-old | NTR7181 |
| CCMO | NL64405.018.17 |
| OMON | NL-OMON46407 |