Third MMR vaccine dose in young adults

In 1987, MMR vaccination was implemented in the national immunization program of the Netherlands (NIP) by offering vaccinations to children at the age of 14 months and 9 years. Consequently, the annual mumps incidence decreased dramatically, not only in the Netherlands, but also in other countries where mumps vaccination was implemented. However, in the past two decades large mumps outbreaks were reported in various countries despite routine MMR vaccination mainly affecting young adults that have been vaccinated twice. Also in the Netherlands, since 2004, several mumps outbreaks among vaccinated persons have occurred, despite high vaccination coverage of 96% and 93%, respectively, for the first and second MMR dose. The main explanations for the re-emergence of mumps in vaccinated populations are waning of vaccine-induced immunity and resurgence of specific wild type mumps virus strains (e.g. genotype G5), possibly due to antigenic differences. Vaccinated young adults (18-25 years), and in particular students, who have acquired immunity against mumps solely by vaccination and not by previous wild-type mumps virus infection, appear to be most prone for mumps infection. The fact that close social contact facilitates virus transmission combined with import of mumps cases via student exchange programmes from countries were mumps is still endemic further increases the risk for this population. Mumps outbreak control so far has been restricted to offering MMR vaccination to non- or incompletely vaccinated individuals. A third dose of MMR could be an effective intervention to control outbreaks among vaccinated persons, but sufficient evidence regarding immunogenicity and effectiveness is currently lacking. For this purpose, the short- and long-term mumps-specific humoral and cellular immunity induced following a third dose of MMR vaccine will be investigated. The study population will consist of 150 healthy young adults aged 18-25 years who have received the first two MMR doses at the age of 14 month and 9 years, and have no history of mumps disease and/or have not lived in a household with anyone who has had mumps disease. They receive a third dose of the MMR vaccine intramuscular (i.m.). Blood will be collected prior to, 10 days, 4 weeks, 1 year and 3 years following a third vaccine dose of MMR. Saliva is collected prior to, 4 weeks and 1 year following a third vaccine dose of MMR.

In 1987, MMR vaccination was implemented in the national immunization program
of the Netherlands (NIP) by offering vaccinations to children at the age of 14 months and 9
years. Consequently, the annual mumps incidence decreased dramatically, not only in the
Netherlands, but also in other countries where mumps vaccination was implemented.
However, in the past two decades large mumps outbreaks were reported in various countries
despite routine MMR vaccination mainly affecting young adults that have been vaccinated
twice. Also in the Netherlands, since 2004, several mumps outbreaks among vaccinated
persons have occurred, despite high vaccination coverage of 96% and 93%, respectively, for
the first and second MMR dose. Mumps outbreak control so far has been restricted to offering MMR vaccination to non- or incompletely vaccinated individuals. A third dose of MMR could be an effective intervention to control outbreaks among vaccinated persons, but sufficient evidence regarding immunogenicity and effectiveness is currently lacking. For this purpose, the short- and long-term mumps-specific humoral and cellular immunity induced following a third dose of MMR vaccine will be investigated in young adults.

prior to, and 10 days, 4 weeks, 1 year and 3 years following a third vaccine dose of MMR

M-M-RVAXPRO