How to treat peri-implantitis?

Inclusion criteria were:

•≥ 18 years of age;

•at least one endosseous implant with clinical and radiographical signs of peri-implantitis;

•implants were in function for at least two years;

•capable of understanding and providing informed consent.

•Contraindications for the surgical procedures;

•A history of local radiotherapy to the head and neck region;

•Pregnancy and lactation;

•Insuline-dependent diabetes;

•Systemic use of antibiotics during the last 3 months;

•Long-term use of anti-inflammatory drugs;

•Incapability of performing basal oral hygiene measures as a result of physical or mental disorders;

•Uncontrolled periodontitis (PPD > 5mm);

•Implants placed in skin grafted areas;

•Implants with bone loss due to other reasons than bacterial infection (e.g. loose screw, inadequate positioning of the implant);

•Implants with bone loss exceeding 2/3 of the length of the implant or implants with bone loss beyond the transverse openings in hollow implants;

•Implant mobility;

•Implants at which no position can be identified where proper probing measurements can be performed;

•Previous surgical treatment of the peri-implantitis lesions.