Effect of duodenal infusion of Eubacterium hallii on gene expression and postprandial glucose metabolism in males with metabolic syndrome

In order to be eligible to participate in this study, patients must meet all of the following criteria:

- Caucasian males

- 21 to 69 years-old

- body mass index (BMI) 25 to 43 kg/m2

- At least 3 out of 5 NCEP metabolic syndrome criteria: fasting plasma glucose ≥ 5.6 mmol/l and/or HOMA-IR ≥ 2.5, triglycerides ≥ 1.6 mmol/l, waist-circumference > 102 cm HDL-cholesterol ≤ 1.04 mmol/l, blood pressure ≥ 130/85 mmHg

A history of cardiovascular event (myocardial infarction or pacemaker implantation), smoking, cholecystectomy, use of medication including proton pump inhibitors (PPI as this influences intestinal microbiota composition see ref 3), oral anticoagulants and/or oral antibiotics in the past three months, (expected) prolonged compromised immunity (e.g. due to recent cytotoxic chemotherapy or HIV-infection with a CD4 count < 240). Subjects are also excluded if they have experienced excessive weightloss of >10% in the last months or have overt untreated GI disease/abnormal bowelhabits; moreover, if their levels of plasma aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase are 2.5 times or more the upper limit of the normal range; if they have a history of heavy alcohol use (>12 to 15 g of alcohol per day, or >12 oz of beer, 5 oz of wine, or 1.5 oz of distilled spirits); or overt Dm2.