Motor learning - Juggling: Self-directed learning compared to directed learning in children aged 9 to 11

The research will take place at several primary schools in the North Holland region. +/- 300 primary school students will participate. It is examined whether self-directed learning is more effective than directed learning with a new motor skill. In addition, it is checked whether this is the same for all skill levels.

Self-directed learning is a more effective learning method than directed learning to teach a new motor skill to children aged 9 to 11 in mainstream education. Regardless of the skill level.

Measure skill level and pre-test, post-test and retention test of juggling intervention.

The intervention is aimed at teaching juggling. Juggling was chosen because it is a complex skill (greater difference in learning effect visible) that, given the juggling learning line, suits age. To measure the level of juggling, a pre-test, post-test and retention test are performed. During these tests it is measured how many balls are passed in succession. In total, the intervention covered 6 weeks plus the 3 measurement moments, which totaled 10 weeks. The intervention lasts 6 weeks. Each week there is one 20 minute moment during gym class. In addition to the intervention, the participants keep a weekly book (10 weeks) with the number of times they practiced and how long in minutes. Participants are free to practice as much as they want. An intervention moment looks like this: At the start, three films of juggling are shown (max. 3 minutes). 1. Juggle the Expert movement with 3 balls yourself 2. Transfer 1 ball with bow to other hand and back (first catch with two hands and then with one hand) 3. Transfer 2 balls with bow from one hand to the other hand . After that, the remaining effective 15 minutes are spent practicing juggling. During these 15 minutes of practice, more information about juggling can be gained through control cards. For the films, verbal instructions have been put on paper regarding the implicit learning of the juggling movement. These are intended for the subject teacher of physical education to use in providing feedback. In addition, the subject teacher of physical education can refer to a control card. The subject of physical education will at all times motivate the participating children to continue practicing. If participating children rise above the level within the intervention time, two films are made with variations in juggling. 1. Variation possibility of juggling 2 balls in one hand. 2. Variation of expert movement with 3 balls alternating with 2 balls juggling in one hand. There are two learning methods within the intervention: self-directed learning and directed learning